SITE INFO

This website is an interactive academic
tool for CEA-UNH course:
Gay Paris:
Culture, Society, & Urban Sexual Identity


CEA GlobalCampus | Spring 2009
UNH Course Code: GEN230
Credits: 3 | Location: Paris, France

Sunday, March 8, 2009

1920s in Paris


A map of Natalie Barney's circle at her salon.


Natalie Barney's temple in her garden.


Chez Natalie.


Natalie Barney and Djuna Barnes.


Renée Vivien.


Renée Vivien.


Liane de Pougy


Natalie Barney.


Alice Barney.


Young Natalie Barney and lover.


Natalie.


Gertrude Stein and Alice Toklas.


Peggy Guggenheim.

Thursday, March 5, 2009

California Court Weighing Gay Marriage Ban

The New York Times
By JESSE McKINLEY and JOHN SCHWARTZ
Published: March 5, 2009

SAN FRANCISCO — Under intense pressure from both sides in the debate over same-sex marriage, the California Supreme Court began hearing arguments Thursday morning on the future of a ballot initiative passed by voters last November that outlawed such unions.

Read the rest of the article.

Midterm Study Guide

1. Michel Foucault | Judith Butler
(From readings: Spargo, Butler, Tamagne)
  • Constructivism/essentialism
  • How do they view sexuality? 
  • Inception of homosexuality
  • Gender according to Butler
  • Discourses on homosexuality: early medical discourses, psychoanalysis, religious models (Tamagne – p. 209-226 specifically)
  • Identity categories/political organization
  
2. Why Paris? 
(From all the Weiss readings, Nightwood, We will also discuss this in Monday’s Review Session)
  • Financial incentives 
  • Existing communities
  • Modern city
  • Salons
  • History
  • Surrealist Theory of Inanimate Objects 
  • Your ideas/feelings 

3. Paris Was a Woman 
(Weiss readings)
  • Natalie Barney
  • Gertrude Stein
  • Sylvia Beach
  • Who were they? What did they do? Who were there lovers? Where in Paris? 
  • Modernism – their influential role

4. Rue de l’Odeon 
(Weiss pp. 26-58 and Hemingway excerpt read in class)
  • Who were the key players at Shakespeare & Co./time period?
  • Relationship between Adrienne Monnier/Sylvia Beach
  • Authors inspired/aided
  • What happened to Shakespeare & Co.?

5. Modernism 
(Nightwood, Handout, Class Discussions)
  • What are the main literary characteristics of modernism? 
  • Time period? 
  • Who? (from our class discussions and focus)

Tuesday, March 3, 2009

Obama consults advisers on military gay ban

WASHINGTON (AP) — The White House says President Barack Obama has begun consulting his top defense advisers on how to lift a ban on gays serving openly in the military. Read the whole article.

Nightwood Chapter 7 | Go Down, Matthew

Chapter Summary

The Doctor visits Nora, who is still lamenting her relationship with Robin. Nora writes incessantly to Robin and the Doctor beseeches her to stop - to put down her pen. He launches into his twisting and turning speech and tells the tale of a whore in London and speaks of his own struggle with sexuality - of his battle with God in it. He implores at a church while exposing himself (he takes out his 'Tiny O'Toole), "I am not able to stay permanent unless you help me, O Book of Concealment! C'est le plaisir qui me bouleverse!" (It is pleasure that shatters me!) (p. 120).

Nora recounts the final hours of her relationship with Robin. Nora goes to visit Jenny Petherbridge. Jenny's house is a haunt of Robin - a picture of Robin as a baby hangs on the wall (which had gone missing from Nora and Robin's) and a baby doll on the bed. Of the doll Nora says, "We give death to a child when we give it a doll - it's the effigy and the shroud; when a woman gives it to a woman, it is the life they cannot have, it is their child, sacred and profane..." (p. 128) She goes on:

"When I got home Robin had been waiting, knowing, because I was late, that something was wrong. I said, 'It is over - I can't go on. You have always lied to me, and you have denied me to her. I can't stand it anymore."

"She stood up then, and went into the hall. She jerked her coat off the hook and I said, 'Have you nothing to say to me?' She turned her face to me. It was like something once beautiful found in a river - and flung herself out of the door." (p. 128)

The conversation continues between Nora and the Doctor, with Nora's unceasing account of her nights with Robin. This continual rehashing of the same events (much narration with very little plot movement) typifies modernist writing.

In her agony, it is almost as if Nora expects the Doctor to save her - or to rescue her from her tortured love and existence. Throughout their interaction Nora and the Doctor increasingly spin around each other's frantic words.

(Throughout the book, we hear little from Robin herself in terms of desire and perspective - in this way, she remains eternally elusive.)

The Doctor has enough of Nora's wailing at some point and leaves. He goes to the his regular café and laments the fact that "they all come to me" - to wring out their sadness. The chapter ends with his cursing the people in the bar for their cruelty and harsh judgment.

Nora:
"Sometimes, if she got tight by evening, I would find her standing in the middle of the room, in boy's clothes, rocking from foot to foot, holding the doll she had given us - 'our child' - high above her head, as if she would cast it down, a look of fury on her face." (p. 133)

The Doctor:
"Do you think Robin had no right to fight you with her only weapon? She saw in you that fearful eye that would make her a target forever. Have not girls done as much for the doll - the doll - yes, target of things past and to come? The last doll, given to age, is the girl who should have been a boy, and the boy who should have been a girl! The doll and the immature have something right about them, the doll, because it resembles, but does not contain life, and the third sex, because it contains life but resembles the doll. The blessed face! It should be seen only in profile, otherwise it is observed to be the conjunction of the identical cleaved halves of sexless misgiving! Their kingdom is without precedent. Why do you think I have spent near fifty years weeping over bars but because I am one of them! The uninhabited angel! That is what you have always been hunting!" (p. 134)

"Pray to the good God, she will keep you. Personally I call her 'she' because of the way she made me; it somehow balances the mistake." (p. 135)

Nora to the Doctor:
"You know what none of us know until we have died. You were dead in the beginning." (p. 137)

The Doctor:
"The more you go against your nature, the more you will know of it - hear me, heaven!" (p. 146)


Terra damnata et maledicta! (p. 113): Damned and cursed earth

papelero (p. 114): stationer

Saxon-les-Bains (p. 114) - Switzerland

Madame de Staël (p. 114): a French-speaking Swiss author living in Paris and abroad. She influenced literary tastes in Europe at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (p. 116): a 6-volume work by Edward Gibbon

grue (p. 118): crane (literally in french)

prie-Dieu (p. 119): a worshiping bench in a church

Turdus musicus (124):


peritoneum (p. 125): In higher vertebrates, the peritoneum is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity — it covers most of the intra-abdominal organs

'Dead March' in Saul (p. 127): Funeral march by Handel

suppuration (p. 138): the formation or discharge of pus

zenith (p. 138): highest point or state; culmination

propinquity (p. 138): nearness in time and place

Chi vuol la Zingarella (p. 139): from the classical Opera Zingari in Fiera by Giovanni Paisiello

Sonate au Crépuscule (p. 139): Beethoven

Der Erlkönig (p. 139): a poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Who is Sylvia (p. 139): F. Schubert

gaol (p. 143): jail

Monday, March 2, 2009

A Personal Account of Gender and Trans-ness

Holly, a contributor to a feminist blog, feministe.us/blog, wrote of her personal experiences concerning gender and being trans. Holly writes of her problems fitting into a gendered system and on why she decided to become trans. Her post is easy to read and, as she puts it, meant to be a Trans 101 type post.

Here is the link: http://www.feministe.us/blog/archives/2007/11/28/what-trans-means-to-me/#more-6290

Gay Marais

For a guide to 'gay Paris' - nightlife, shows, events...this is a good spot: www.parismarais.com.

Sunday, March 1, 2009

Romaine Brooks | Natalie Barney

excerpt from Wild Girls: Paris, Sappho and Art - The Lives of Natalie Barney and Romaine Brooks
_Diana Souhami





In Paris in 1905 Romaine bought a house in the Avenue du Trocadéro in the sixteenth arrondissement. In decoration, she used muted effects and scarce colour to reflect her sense of self. At roof level she had a glass studio with views of the Seine and the Eiffel Tower. She wanted each room, and all the furniture and paintings to provide backgrounds for her paintings.

Most of her portraits were of women: Woman in Black Hat, Woman in Green Hat, The Flowered Hat...In 1910 Romaine had her first solo exhibition, it opened on 2 May at the Galéries Durand-Ruel. She covered the red walls with beige and showed thirteen of her portraits.

They schmoozed together and called it 'dancey prancey.' Romaine was Angel, or Angel Birdie, Natalie was Nat Nat. They were 'Darling' to each other. When they met, in 1915, Romaine was forty-one, Natalie thirty-nine. Together they read Freud and Jung, James Joyce and D.H. Lawrence, 'but not his novels.'

Natalie was drawn to Romaine's strangeness and vulnerability. She said Romaine had no disguise, no pose and was a 'a real head and soul in an unreal world.' She tirelessly told her she was beautiful and a genius, her singing voice perfect, her paintings immortal. Romaine was, she said, dearer to her than her own life. 'I love my Angel better than anyone else in the world and prove it.' In return, she asked that Romaine should need her above all others.

For Romaine, Natalie's warmth and kindness were an unfamiliar gift. Natalie was not judgmental, nor did she recoil from the drama of Romaine's life, but the relationship was based on an understanding that Romaine must be above comparison. Romaine said that Natalie 'had an unusual mind of the best quality,' but she decried her Friday salons as gatherings of drunkards and society women; it was not a fair description of Gertrude Stein, Colette, Sylvia Beach, Lily de Gramont et al.

In 1920 she did a portrait of Natalie with nothing wild or Amazonian about it apart from a small model of a prancing horse in tribute to Gourmont's views. She made her look comfortable and friendly.

Their lives entwined. In Paris they lazed about on the grass by the lilac bushes in Bois de Boulogne. On Capri they stayed in the Villa Cercola, which Romaine acquired in 1918; it had terraced gardens, guest apartments and furniture made by local craftsmen...They opened a joint bank account. Natalie talked of their being together for the rest of their lives and of sharing the same grave: 'My angel is my only real companion and friend.'


Natalie Barney "l'Amazone"
_Portrait by her lover Romaine Brooks (1920) (Musée Carnavalet, Paris)

Amazones et Sirènes



Weiss, Paris Was A Woman (p. 100-141)

"Rather, she was what her biographer George Wickes has aptly called 'unquestionably the leading lesbian of her time.' She devoted her life to praising the joys of, and indeed promoting an ethos of, lesbianism." (100)

"Natalie surrounded herself with a coterie of beautiful women, virtually all of whom were former, present or future lovers. While in her twenties, she and the poet Renée Vivien travelled to Lesbos to set up a lesbian school for poetry and love...The qualities of Sappho that Natalie admired - a love of beauty and sensuality, the freedom to love without jealousy or moral judgement - were signposts by which she set out to live her own life. Although her plans for Lesbos were stymied, Natalie gathered a similar community of women around her in Paris, and held pagan rituals in her garden." (101)

"Her calling as a poet could never match her calling as a lover...Her wide capacity for love nourished and supported a century of female creativity, not only her own but that of her innumerable lovers and intimate friends. Her art was that of love, and she was a prolific artist, much to the chagrin of her jealous lifelong partner, the painter Romaine Brooks. Natalie and Romaine were both enormously wealthy American expatriates in Paris, but here their similarities ended." (102)



"Of Djuna Barnes, Natalie wrote: 'A rough diamond sort of genius who cut everything to pieces and then blamed the cuts.'" (105)

Natalie Barney: "I considered myself without shame: albinos aren't reproached for having pink eyes and whitish hair, why should they hold it against me for being a lesbian? It's a question of nature: my queerness isn't a vice, isn't deliberate, and harms no one. What do I care, afterall, if they vilify or judge me according to their prejudices?" (107)

Barney: "Paris has always seemed..the only city where you can live and express yourself as you please." (107)

"In 1909, she established a salon in her Left Bank house that would continue for 60 years and encompass many French, American, and English artists, writers and celebrities...According to Solita Solano, 'Natalie did not collect modern art; she collected people, and you could be sure of being dazzled any Friday (her day) you dropped in for tea. On one particularly dazzling Friday Greta Garbo showed up..." (111)

"Natalie was intimate with Colette...Colette must have been more satisfactory than almost anyone else in her life." (114)

Shakespeare and Co.






I knew from the moment that Guido was concieved that he would have a symbolic/thematic representation within the book. However, as I read the chapter Where the Tree Falls I struggled to definitively decifer what Guido represents. Anyone have a thought?

Monastic Voyage

I thought that the Johnson article was very interesting. I think that the subject of religion and sexuality is something that is commonly discussed, however there are few times that I read about a persons quest to find a relationship with God and an organized religion after feeling unwelcomed or uninvited by the church due to their sexuality. Many people feel excluded from religious organizations, and I think that Johnson gives hope to those who struggle with similar issues through the book that he wrote. 

Saturday, February 28, 2009

Interesting article in the New Yorker about the Lesbian separatist movement in the late 70's.

http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/03/02/090302fa_fact_levy

Wednesday, February 25, 2009

NIghtwood: Chapter 6 | Where the Tree Falls

Chapter Summary

We see the reintroduction of Baron Felix and his son, Guido, in this chapter. Felix is concerned about his son, who is described as, "Mentally deficient, and emotionally excessive, an addict to death; at ten, barely as tall as a child of six, wearing spectacles, stumbling when he tried to run, with cold hands and anxious face, he followed his father, trembling with an excitement that was a precocious ecstasy." (p. 96)

Guido is interested in entering the church and this disturbs Felix. He writes a long letter to the Pope comparing religious and cultural styles between Italy and France. As expected, he recieves no answer. He decides to return to Austria, hoping that Guido's religious career can transpire there. Before leaving Paris, Felix seeks out the doctor and finds him at Cafe de la Mairie du VIe. They go to dine in the Bois together.

They discuss Robin (Guido's mother). Felix says, "I find that I never did have a really clear idea of her at any time. I had an image of her, but that is not the same thing. An image is a stop the mind makes between uncertainties." (p. 100)

He asks the doctor why Robin married him and then tells the doctor that Jenny Petherbridge had come to see him. While there, Jenny spoke of the little girl, Sylvia, who had been at her home with Robin. Jenny tells of how this little girl had fallen in love with Robin and in the end, Robin treated the child with abandon - a story which distresses young Guido. Felix confesses his fears about his son to the doctor and they end the discussion with Robin.

The chapter ends in Vienna, where Guido and Felix are met by Frau Mann. The odd triangle sits in a cafe and the Baron cannot escape his own obsessions with the higher classes and ranks.

What is the symbolism behind Jenny Petherbridge's desire to purchase one of the portraits of Baron Felix's grandparents?

litanies (p. 97): prayers consisting of a number of petitions

chasubles (p. 97):


the Credo (p. 97): statement of religious belief

Kabyle (p. 99): an ethnic group in Algeria

Grand Marnier (p. 100): is a liqueur created in 1880 by Alexandre Marnier-Lapostolle


Sections to think about:

"There was in her [Robin] every movement a slight drag, as if the past were a web about her, as there is a web of time about a very old building. There is a sensible weight in the air around a thirteenth-century edifice that is unlike the light air about a new structure; the new building seems to repulse it, the old to gather it." (p. 107)

Felix asks the doctor what Robin writes when she writes to him from America. "She says, Remember me. Probably because she has difficulty in remembering herself." (p. 109)

Tuesday, February 24, 2009

Course Feedback

Your feedback focused around 4 main areas of the class:

1. EXCURSIONS. You requested:
  • more structure/guidance.
  • to meet directly at the excursion site for more time.
  • to rethink the group approach - sometimes groups turn into social hour or too much responsibility for just one member (and that perhaps individual activities might be a better approach).
  • more discussion about what you will see/do on the excursion before going.
  • that we think about how much class time is being taken away due to excursions.

2. COURSE CONTENT. You asked that we focus more on:
  • history of Paris/homosexuality.
  • being gay in the 1920's, the experience itself and that we focus on people's personal gay experiences.
  • modern day homosexuality.
  • gay men in Paris.
  • gay/lesbian issues - not just historical and factual information. 

3. READINGS. A few of you felt:
  • the readings are difficult and that you don't know when/what to read for each class period.
  • there are too many readings with Nightwood on top of everything else.

4. NIGHTWOOD. You wanted:
  • essay guidelines and parameters of the essay in advance.
  • a connection to be made between Nightwood and the course content. 
  • an in-depth explanation of the significance of Nightwood in relation to this course.